{"id":411,"date":"2026-08-22T18:16:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-22T17:16:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/?p=411"},"modified":"2026-08-22T21:16:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T20:16:50","slug":"jak-ctu-hlida-radiove-spektrum-merici-vozy-zamerovaci-anteny-a-sit-asmks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/?p=411","title":{"rendered":"Jak \u010cT\u00da hl\u00edd\u00e1 r\u00e1diov\u00e9 spektrum: m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed vozy, zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed ant\u00e9ny a s\u00ed\u0165 ASMKS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--\nTITULEK P\u0158\u00cdSP\u011aVKU:\nJak \u010cT\u00da hl\u00edd\u00e1 r\u00e1diov\u00e9 spektrum: m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed vozy, zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed ant\u00e9ny a s\u00ed\u0165 ASMKS\n\nP\u0159ed vlo\u017een\u00edm nahra\u010f MAPA_URL_SEM skute\u010dnou URL souboru asmks.webp po jeho nahr\u00e1n\u00ed do WordPress Media Library.\nTento soubor je ur\u010den pro Gutenberg: P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek -> t\u0159i te\u010dky -> Editor k\u00f3du.\n--><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Seps\u00e1no na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho vozu \u010cT\u00da na srazu radioamat\u00e9r\u016f v Holic\u00edch, rozhovoru s techniky a d\u00edky dlouhodob\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu o problematiku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spektra. S korekturou pomohla AI ( ChatGPT ), ve\u0161ker\u00fd obsah je z ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, informac\u00ed z komunity nad\u0161enc\u016f \u00e9teru a dal\u0161\u00edch. Autor se distancuje od jak\u00fdchkoli \u0161kod vznikl\u00fdch na z\u00e1klad\u011b chyb nebo nep\u0159esnost\u00ed v textu. Pokud v\u00e1s p\u0159i provozov\u00e1n\u00ed nelicencovan\u00e9ho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed v\u016fz, pop\u00e1l\u00edte se neopatrnou manipulac\u00ed s RF technikou, nebo skon\u010d\u00edte v CPZ po zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edmi slo\u017ekami, je to va\u0161e chyba :).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00e1diov\u00e9 spektrum nen\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled vid\u011bt, p\u0159esto jde o pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b spravovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroj. Rozhlasov\u00e9 a televizn\u00ed vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed, mobiln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, leteck\u00e1 komunikace, radiorel\u00e9ov\u00e9 spoje, z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slo\u017eky, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed i mno\u017estv\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vymezen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti kmito\u010dtov\u00e9ho spektra a mus\u00ed vedle sebe fungovat bez vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kontrolu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spektra v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice zaji\u0161\u0165uje <strong>\u010cesk\u00fd telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad (\u010cT\u00da)<\/strong>. Jedn\u00edm z jeho nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f je <strong>ASMKS \u2013 Automatizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed kmito\u010dtov\u00e9ho spektra<\/strong>. Jde o kombinaci pevn\u00fdch monitorovac\u00edch a zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edch stanovi\u0161\u0165, \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch pracovi\u0161\u0165 a m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch vozidel, kter\u00e1 jsou schopna nejen zjistit, \u017ee na ur\u010dit\u00e9m kmito\u010dtu n\u011bkdo vys\u00edl\u00e1, ale tak\u00e9 zm\u011b\u0159it parametry sign\u00e1lu a v \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ur\u010dit sm\u011br a n\u00e1sledn\u011b i polohu jeho zdroje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cT\u00da uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee ASMKS slou\u017e\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad k odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edho vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed povolen\u00fdch parametr\u016f a neautorizovan\u00e9ho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed. Jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti syst\u00e9mu jsou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b datov\u011b propojen\u00e9 a m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed techniku je mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00e1lkov\u011b \u0159\u00eddit. <a href=\"https:\/\/ctu.gov.cz\/tiskova-zprava-ctu-ziskal-mezinarodni-oceneni-search-new-heroes-za-nominaci-projektu-asmks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/Snimek-obrazovky_2026-08-22_18-54-13.png\" alt=\"Mapa stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch pracovi\u0161\u0165 syst\u00e9mu ASMKS\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Obr. 1 \u2013 Rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch pracovi\u0161\u0165 syst\u00e9mu ASMKS na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Franti\u0161ek Kotou\u010d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u00ed\u0165 pevn\u00fdch monitorovac\u00edch stanic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Historick\u00fd popis ASMKS z roku 2007 uv\u00e1d\u00ed 12 stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch stanic, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u011bla pokr\u00fdvat oblast o pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100 km. Detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 seznamy \u010cT\u00da z pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch let v\u0161ak uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed celkem <strong>13 stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch lokalit: 9 SNMS, jednu SNZS a t\u0159i SOMS<\/strong>. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd projekt modernizace v\u00fdslovn\u011b pracuje s dev\u00edti SNMS a jednou SNZS. Rozd\u00edl v po\u010dtu tedy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b souvis\u00ed s v\u00fdvojem syst\u00e9mu a zp\u016fsobem, jak\u00fdm byly v r\u016fzn\u00fdch obdob\u00edch zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1ny obsluhovan\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny. <a href=\"https:\/\/ctu.gov.cz\/tiskova-zprava-ctu-ziskal-mezinarodni-oceneni-search-new-heroes-za-nominaci-projektu-asmks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/ctu.gov.cz\/cs\/download\/aktualni_informace\/invitation_to_tender_20_03_2012_appendix_6_procedure_interference.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed neobsluhovan\u00e1 zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed stanice \u2013 SNZS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed m\u00e1 <strong>SNZS Praha\u2013Sedlec\/Lysolaje<\/strong>, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 na severn\u00edm okraji Prahy. Na rozd\u00edl od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 monitorovac\u00ed stanice je v\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jej\u00edho vybaven\u00ed specializovan\u00fd r\u00e1diov\u00fd zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 dokumentace po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 na t\u00e9to stanici se syst\u00e9mem <strong>R&amp;S DDF550<\/strong>. Ten pracuje se zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edmi ant\u00e9nami a umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010dit azimut, ze kter\u00e9ho sledovan\u00fd sign\u00e1l p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 dokumentace pro modernizaci SNZS uv\u00e1d\u00ed lokalitu Praha-Lysolaje a 35metrov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edhradov\u00fd sto\u017e\u00e1r. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-zakazky.cz\/stazenisouboru\/f040ad9c-0c23-4611-9eb2-d58a69c245e7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed obsluhovan\u00e9 monitorovac\u00ed stanice \u2013 SOMS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Obsluhovan\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovi\u0161t\u011b, ze kter\u00fdch lze \u0159\u00eddit m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1vat v\u00fdsledky. Ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch seznamech jsou uvedeny:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SOMS Tehov<\/strong> ve st\u0159edn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SOMS Karlovice<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SOMS Brno\u2013Lesn\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tehov a Karlovice sou\u010dasn\u011b funguj\u00ed jako v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed pracovi\u0161t\u011b ASMKS. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd projekt modernizace pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 software <strong>R&amp;S ARGUS 6.1<\/strong> a po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s t\u00edm, \u017ee data z neobsluhovan\u00fdch stanic budou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena k dal\u0161\u00edmu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b do obsluhovan\u00fdch pracovi\u0161\u0165. <a href=\"https:\/\/ctu.gov.cz\/cs\/download\/aktualni_informace\/invitation_to_tender_20_03_2012_appendix_6_procedure_interference.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed neobsluhovan\u00e9 monitorovac\u00ed stanice \u2013 SNMS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Plo\u0161nou p\u00e1te\u0159 syst\u00e9mu dnes tvo\u0159\u00ed dev\u011bt d\u00e1lkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch SNMS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice \u2013 Li\u0161ov<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Plze\u0148 \u2013 Doubravka<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Karlovy Vary \u2013 Horn\u00ed Slavkov\/T\u0159\u00eddom\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00dast\u00ed nad Labem \u2013 Osek\/Dlouh\u00e1 Louka<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Liberec \u2013 Rudolfov\/Ruprechtice<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u2013 Pob\u011b\u017eovice u Holic<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jihlava \u2013 V\u011btrn\u00fd Jen\u00edkov<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Brno \u2013 Div\u00e1ky<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ostrava \u2013 Pra\u0161iv\u00e1, Vy\u0161n\u00ed Lhoty<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto lokality potvrzuje jak star\u0161\u00ed seznam monitorovac\u00edch stanic \u010cT\u00da, tak nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dokumentace k modernizaci dev\u00edti SNMS. Sto\u017e\u00e1ry maj\u00ed podle lokality p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 a\u017e 50 metr\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edhradovou v\u011b\u017e vysokou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 42 m, Plze\u0148 trubkovou kolem 32 m, Karlovy Vary p\u0159\u00edhradovou 50 m a Jihlava p\u0159\u00edhradovou 46,5 m. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-zakazky.cz\/stazenisouboru\/078b511d-55f5-4c0f-8824-c336b59077f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/Snimek-obrazovky_2026-08-22_18-12-29.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"763\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/Snimek-obrazovky_2026-08-22_18-12-29.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/Snimek-obrazovky_2026-08-22_18-12-29.png 763w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/Snimek-obrazovky_2026-08-22_18-12-29-300x269.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 763px) 100vw, 763px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Obr. 2 \u2013 Ant\u00e9na SNZS Praha\u2013Sedlec\/Lysolaje.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je vlastn\u011b na vrcholu v\u011b\u017ee<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Modernizovan\u00e1 SNMS nen\u00ed vybavena jedinou univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed ant\u00e9nou. Ant\u00e9nn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je rozd\u011blen do n\u011bkolika \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, proto\u017ee po\u017eadavky na rychl\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed intenzity pole a \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed se navz\u00e1jem li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je kombinovan\u00e1 <strong>zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed a monitorovac\u00ed ant\u00e9na A<\/strong> um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 na vrcholu sto\u017e\u00e1ru. Zad\u00e1vac\u00ed dokumentace po\u017eaduje pro jej\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st rozsah:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>20 MHz a\u017e 8 GHz pro vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed polarizaci,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20 MHz a\u017e 7 GHz pro horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed polarizaci,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p\u0159esnost z\u00e1m\u011bru lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e <strong>1\u00b0 RMS<\/strong> v p\u00e1smu 40 MHz a\u017e 1,3 GHz,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mo\u017enost aktivn\u00edho i pasivn\u00edho provozu do 1,3 GHz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Monitorovac\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st m\u00e1 pracovat a\u017e do 8 GHz a ant\u00e9na mus\u00ed poskytovat nejm\u00e9n\u011b dv\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 cesty pro zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a monitoring. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-zakazky.cz\/stazenisouboru\/078b511d-55f5-4c0f-8824-c336b59077f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto parametry velmi t\u011bsn\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed modern\u00ed ant\u00e9n\u011b <strong>Rohde &amp; Schwarz ADD597<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 MHz a\u017e 8,5 GHz p\u0159i vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed a 20 MHz a\u017e 7,5 GHz p\u0159i horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed polarizaci. ADD597 obsahuje v jedin\u00e9m p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,1 m \u0161irok\u00e9m radomu v\u00edce ant\u00e9nn\u00edch prvk\u016f pro zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed i v\u0161esm\u011brov\u00fd monitoring. Do 1,3 GHz mohou b\u00fdt prvky aktivn\u00ed nebo pasivn\u00ed, nad touto hranic\u00ed jsou pasivn\u00ed. V\u00fdrobce uv\u00e1d\u00ed typickou zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed p\u0159esnost kolem 1\u00b0 RMS. <a href=\"https:\/\/scdn.rohde-schwarz.com\/ur\/pws\/dl_downloads\/pdm\/cl_brochures_and_datasheets\/product_brochure\/3609_9140_12\/ADD597_bro_en_3609-9140-12_v0300.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 smlouva \u010cT\u00da model ant\u00e9ny A p\u0159\u00edmo nejmenuje, tak\u017ee identifikaci ADD597 nelze pova\u017eovat za definitivn\u011b potvrzenou polo\u017eku kusovn\u00edku. Parametry a v\u00fdrobce cel\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ak t\u00e9to ant\u00e9n\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed velmi p\u0159esn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro\u010d je pod radomem v\u00edce ant\u00e9n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00edl\u00fd nebo sv\u011btle kr\u00e9mov\u00fd \u201etal\u00ed\u0159\u201c zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed ant\u00e9ny nen\u00ed samotn\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159i\u010dem. Jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o <strong>radom<\/strong> chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed kruhov\u00e9 pole n\u011bkolika ant\u00e9nn\u00edch prvk\u016f a jeho elektroniku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Princip lze dob\u0159e vysv\u011btlit na star\u0161\u00ed ant\u00e9n\u011b <strong>R&amp;S ADD195<\/strong>, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 u p\u0159edchoz\u00edch generac\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed techniky a konstruk\u010dn\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed i ant\u00e9n\u011b zachycen\u00e9 na star\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edm voze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ADD195 obsahuje dev\u011bt aktivn\u00edch dip\u00f3lov\u00fdch prvk\u016f rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch po kru\u017enici o pr\u016fm\u011bru 0,91 m. Samotn\u00fd lamin\u00e1tov\u00fd radom m\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011br p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,1 m. Ka\u017ed\u00fd prvek m\u00e1 dip\u00f3l dlouh\u00fd p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 cm a pomoc\u00ed PIN diod se podle pracovn\u00edho kmito\u010dtu m\u011bn\u00ed jeho elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti. Cel\u00e9 pole pracuje od 20 do 1300 MHz. <a href=\"https:\/\/de.scribd.com\/document\/858773425\/ADD195-Manual-de-En\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvodem kruhov\u00e9ho rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zisku. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je <strong>m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011bru p\u0159\u00edchodu elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak lze z f\u00e1ze zjistit azimut<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstavme si vys\u00edla\u010d pracuj\u00edc\u00ed na 100 MHz. Vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka jeho sign\u00e1lu je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159i metry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e r\u00e1diov\u00e1 vlna dopad\u00e1 \u0161ikmo na kruhov\u00e9 pole o pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,9 m, nedoraz\u00ed ke v\u0161em ant\u00e9nn\u00edm prvk\u016fm sou\u010dasn\u011b. K prvku na stran\u011b vys\u00edla\u010de doraz\u00ed o zlomek nanosekundy d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e k prvku na opa\u010dn\u00e9 stran\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak mal\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd rozd\u00edl se p\u0159\u00edmo m\u011b\u0159\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b, ale na vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edm sign\u00e1lu se projev\u00ed jako <strong>f\u00e1zov\u00fd rozd\u00edl<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro 100 MHz odpov\u00edd\u00e1 0,9 m t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159etin\u011b vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky. Mezi krajn\u00edmi prvky tak m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout f\u00e1zov\u00fd rozd\u00edl \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b p\u0159es 100 stup\u0148\u016f. Elektronika zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010de nemus\u00ed hledat rozd\u00edl n\u011bkolika nanosekund \u2013 sta\u010d\u00ed velmi p\u0159esn\u011b porovn\u00e1vat f\u00e1zi stejn\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu na jednotliv\u00fdch prvc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed R&amp;S pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v p\u00e1smech VHF\/UHF\/SHF metodu <strong>korela\u010dn\u00edho interferometru<\/strong>. Zm\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 f\u00e1zov\u00e9 vztahy mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi prvky vytvo\u0159\u00ed jak\u00fdsi \u201eotisk\u201c p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edho sm\u011bru. Ten se porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s kalibra\u010dn\u00edmi hodnotami ulo\u017een\u00fdmi pro jednotliv\u00e9 azimuty. Sm\u011br s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed shodou je v\u00fdsledn\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rohde-schwarz.com\/us\/knowledge-center\/technology-fundamentals\/radio-direction-finding-techniques\/radio-direction-finding-techniques_255557.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-azimut.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-azimut-1024x658.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-azimut-1024x658.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-azimut-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-azimut-768x494.png 768w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-azimut.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Star\u0161\u00ed ADD195 \u0159e\u0161ila m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed velmi elegantn\u011b i s jedin\u00fdm p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dem. Obsahovala komut\u00e1tor a kvadraturn\u00ed multiplexer. Sign\u00e1ly jednotliv\u00fdch prvk\u016f a referen\u010dn\u00edho dip\u00f3lu se kombinovaly ve \u010dty\u0159ech f\u00e1zov\u00fdch poloh\u00e1ch 0\u00b0, 90\u00b0, 180\u00b0 a 270\u00b0 a b\u011bhem jednoho zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzniklo 32 sign\u00e1lov\u00fdch segment\u016f. Z nich zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010d vypo\u010d\u00edtal v\u00fdsledn\u00fd azimut. <a href=\"https:\/\/de.scribd.com\/document\/858773425\/ADD195-Manual-de-En\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jedna stanice zn\u00e1 sm\u011br, nikoli vzd\u00e1lenost<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010d na jedn\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ei ne\u0159ekne: \u201eVys\u00edla\u010d je 23,7 km daleko.\u201c \u0158ekne nap\u0159\u00edklad: <strong>\u201eSign\u00e1l na 100,0 MHz p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed z azimutu 126,4\u00b0.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na map\u011b tak vznikne polop\u0159\u00edmka vedouc\u00ed od monitorovac\u00ed stanice dan\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Pokud stejn\u00fd sign\u00e1l zachyt\u00ed druh\u00e1 stanice, pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edk obou z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f poskytne odhad polohy vys\u00edla\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-triangulace.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"597\" src=\"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-triangulace-1024x597.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-triangulace-1024x597.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-triangulace-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-triangulace-768x448.png 768w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-triangulace.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jde o <strong>AOA \u2013 Angle of Arrival radiolokaci<\/strong>, b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dovanou jako triangulace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0159et\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed stanice p\u0159esnost d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uj\u00ed. V re\u00e1ln\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry obvykle neprotnou p\u0159esn\u011b v jedin\u00e9m bod\u011b, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br obsahuje ur\u010ditou chybu a sign\u00e1l se m\u016f\u017ee odr\u00e1\u017eet od ter\u00e9nu nebo budov. Software proto hled\u00e1 oblast, kter\u00e1 nejl\u00e9pe odpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u0161em nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm azimut\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro\u010d jsou st\u00e1le pot\u0159eba m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed vozy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pevn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 poskytuje velkou v\u00fdhodu \u2013 je neust\u00e1le p\u0159ipravena, m\u016f\u017ee pracovat bez obsluhy a n\u011bkolik stanic m\u016f\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b pozorovat stejn\u00fd vys\u00edla\u010d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nev\u00fdhodou je fyzika \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00fdch vln. Ve m\u011bst\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odraz od budovy jevit jako sign\u00e1l p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z jin\u00e9ho sm\u011bru. V \u010dlenit\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00edmou cestu zakr\u00fdt kopec a stanice zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed pouze odra\u017eenou nebo difrak\u010dn\u00ed slo\u017eku. Proto se po p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9m ur\u010den\u00ed oblasti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed <strong>mobiln\u00ed obsluhovan\u00e9 monitorovac\u00ed stanice \u2013 MOMS<\/strong>, tedy m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed vozy \u010cT\u00da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za j\u00edzdy lze pozorovat, jak se z\u00e1m\u011br m\u011bn\u00ed. Pokud v\u016fz obj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd zdroj, spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 azimuty postupn\u011b \u201eukazuj\u00ed\u201c do stejn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta. Syst\u00e9m p\u0159itom vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 elektronick\u00fd kompas a GNSS, tak\u017ee relativn\u00ed sm\u011br nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd ant\u00e9nou lze p\u0159ev\u00e9st na skute\u010dn\u00fd zem\u011bpisn\u00fd azimut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern\u00ed ADD597 m\u00e1 mo\u017enost integrovan\u00e9ho elektronick\u00e9ho kompasu i GNSS a v\u00fdrobce ji v\u00fdslovn\u011b ur\u010duje jak pro stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed, tak pro mobiln\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed. <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/scdn.rohde-schwarz.com\/ur\/pws\/dl_downloads\/pdm\/cl_brochures_and_datasheets\/product_brochure\/3609_9140_12\/ADD597_bro_en_3609-9140-12_v0300.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/312498bc-146c-468f-b7cf-f6885b906725.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"576\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/312498bc-146c-468f-b7cf-f6885b906725-576x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/312498bc-146c-468f-b7cf-f6885b906725-576x1024.jpeg 576w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/312498bc-146c-468f-b7cf-f6885b906725-169x300.jpeg 169w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/312498bc-146c-468f-b7cf-f6885b906725-768x1365.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/312498bc-146c-468f-b7cf-f6885b906725-864x1536.jpeg 864w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/312498bc-146c-468f-b7cf-f6885b906725.jpeg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Obr. 3 \u2013 M\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed v\u016fz na srazu radioamat\u00e9r\u016f v Holic\u00edch, 08\/2026. Autor fotografie Daniel Neumann.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Od ADD195 k ADD597<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cT\u00da v posledn\u00edch letech cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m v\u00fdrazn\u011b modernizuje. Podle v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy za rok 2025 byla v polovin\u011b roku 2025 dokon\u010dena modernizace mobiln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ASMKS. Celkem bylo obnoveno a m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed technikou vybaveno <strong>19 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch vozidel<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dva vozy typu MOMS.B pro pracovi\u0161t\u011b Tehov a Karlovice nav\u00edc \u010cT\u00da v roce 2025 vybavil nov\u00fdmi <strong>zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edmi ant\u00e9nami R&amp;S ADD597 a \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00fdmi monitorovac\u00edmi p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di R&amp;S ESMW<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde je pou\u017eit\u00ed ADD597 na vozidlech potvrzeno p\u0159\u00edmo ve v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b \u010cT\u00da. <a href=\"https:\/\/ctu.gov.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/obsah\/ctu-new\/pro-media\/vyrocni-zpravy-o-cinnosti-ctu\/vz_ctu_2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ESMW dok\u00e1\u017ee ve spojen\u00ed s vhodnou DF ant\u00e9nou prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a sou\u010dasn\u011b zobrazovat azimut r\u016fzn\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f v p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9m spektru. Modern\u00ed syst\u00e9m u\u017e tedy nemus\u00ed sledovat pouze jedin\u00fd \u00fazk\u00fd kan\u00e1l; v r\u00e1mci \u0161irok\u00e9ho okam\u017eit\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma m\u016f\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b zpracov\u00e1vat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed emis\u00ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/scdn.rohde-schwarz.com\/ur\/pws\/dl_downloads\/pdm\/cl_brochures_and_datasheets\/product_brochure\/3683_7077_12\/ESMW_bro_en_3683-7077-12_v0500.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitorovac\u00ed v\u011b\u017e neum\u00ed jen zam\u011b\u0159ovat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Samotn\u00e1 DF ant\u00e9na je pouze jednou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed modernizovan\u00e9 SNMS. Vedle n\u00ed dokumentace p\u0159edepisuje tak\u00e9 <strong>pasivn\u00ed koaxi\u00e1ln\u00ed dip\u00f3l B<\/strong> pro p\u00e1smo 80 MHz a\u017e 2 GHz. Ant\u00e9na je um\u00edst\u011bna v lamin\u00e1tov\u00e9m tubusu a jej\u00edm \u00fakolem je v\u0161esm\u011brov\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-zakazky.cz\/stazenisouboru\/078b511d-55f5-4c0f-8824-c336b59077f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le jsou na sto\u017e\u00e1ru dv\u011b mechanicky nat\u00e1\u010den\u00e9 logaritmicko-periodick\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C1:<\/strong> 80 MHz a\u017e 2 GHz,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C2:<\/strong> 400 MHz a\u017e 6 GHz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u011b maj\u00ed typick\u00fd zisk minim\u00e1ln\u011b 5 dB. Jsou instalov\u00e1ny na rot\u00e1toru, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed v azimutu v cel\u00e9m rozsahu 0\u2013360\u00b0 a tak\u00e9 zm\u011bnu polarizace. Azimut\u00e1ln\u00ed rot\u00e1tor se pohybuje rychlost\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2\u20133\u00b0 za sekundu. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-zakazky.cz\/stazenisouboru\/078b511d-55f5-4c0f-8824-c336b59077f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elektronick\u00e1 DF ant\u00e9na a mechanicky sm\u011brovan\u00e1 LPDA tedy nemaj\u00ed stejnou \u00falohu. <strong>DF pole<\/strong> um\u00ed prakticky okam\u017eit\u011b ur\u010dit sm\u011br p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edho sign\u00e1lu. Sm\u011brovou LPDA lze n\u00e1sledn\u011b na tento azimut nato\u010dit a pou\u017e\u00edt ji nap\u0159\u00edklad pro podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, spektra nebo polarizace sledovan\u00e9 emise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d mus\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt i velmi siln\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Monitorovac\u00ed stanice \u010dasto stoj\u00ed na v\u00fdhodn\u00fdch vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch m\u00edstech. To p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed paradoxn\u00ed probl\u00e9m: do ant\u00e9ny m\u016f\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1zet mno\u017estv\u00ed velmi siln\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slab\u00fd ru\u0161iv\u00fd vys\u00edla\u010d nap\u0159\u00edklad na 150 MHz m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pot\u0159eba m\u011b\u0159it v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d z\u00e1rove\u0148 dost\u00e1v\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u011b siln\u00fd sign\u00e1l m\u00edstn\u00edho FM nebo DAB vys\u00edla\u010de. Ten by mohl p\u0159edzesilova\u010de nebo vstup p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de zahltit a vytvo\u0159it intermodula\u010dn\u00ed produkty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modernizovan\u00e9 stanice proto obsahuj\u00ed programovatelnou <strong>filtra\u010dn\u00ed jednotku<\/strong>. Dokumentace nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159edepisuje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>z\u00e1dr\u017en\u00fd filtr FM,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>z\u00e1dr\u017en\u00fd filtr DAB,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p\u00e1smovou propust 118\u2013137 MHz pro leteck\u00e9 p\u00e1smo,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>doln\u00ed propusti 470 a 700 MHz,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>horn\u00ed propusti 108 MHz a 1 GHz,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>p\u0159ep\u00ednateln\u00e9 \u00fatlumov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9 zesilova\u010de.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad FM z\u00e1dr\u017e m\u00e1 mezi 90 a 105 MHz potla\u010dovat sign\u00e1l o v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 dB. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-zakazky.cz\/stazenisouboru\/078b511d-55f5-4c0f-8824-c336b59077f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To n\u00e1zorn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed spektra nen\u00ed jen ot\u00e1zkou \u201edobr\u00e9ho SDR\u201c. Stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je vysok\u00e1 dynamika cel\u00e9 VF cesty, vhodn\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny, filtrace, p\u0159esn\u00e1 kalibrace a znalost parametr\u016f v\u0161ech koaxi\u00e1ln\u00edch tras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co se d\u011bje uvnit\u0159 stanice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>U modernizovan\u00fdch SNMS \u010cT\u00da po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s vyu\u017eit\u00edm ji\u017e po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d\u016f <strong>R&amp;S EB500 se zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edm dopl\u0148kem a R&amp;S EM200<\/strong>. Ant\u00e9ny, filtra\u010dn\u00ed jednotka a p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et dv\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 sign\u00e1lov\u00e9 cesty k p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d\u016fm. V\u0161e je integrov\u00e1no do syst\u00e9mu R&amp;S ARGUS 6.1, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-zakazky.cz\/stazenisouboru\/078b511d-55f5-4c0f-8824-c336b59077f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-stanice-snms.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"751\" src=\"https:\/\/tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-stanice-snms-1024x751.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-stanice-snms-1024x751.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-stanice-snms-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-stanice-snms-768x563.png 768w, https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/schema-stanice-snms.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modernizace stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Druh\u00e1 f\u00e1ze modernizace ASMKS za\u010dala v roce 2024 pilotn\u00edm projektem SNMS Plze\u0148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po jeho dokon\u010den\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2025 byl stejn\u00fd koncept schv\u00e1len pro dal\u0161\u00edch osm SNMS. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 2025 byly dokon\u010deny stanice <strong>Ostrava, \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice a \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem<\/strong>. Pro rok 2026 \u010cT\u00da pl\u00e1noval pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed na lokalit\u00e1ch <strong>Karlovy Vary, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Liberec, Brno a Jihlava<\/strong> a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 dokon\u010den\u00ed \u00faprav SOMS Tehov. Cel\u00fd proces m\u00e1 podle v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy skon\u010dit nejpozd\u011bji kolem roku 2027, podle dostupn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f a kapacity dodavatel\u016f. <a href=\"https:\/\/ctu.gov.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/obsah\/ctu-new\/pro-media\/vyrocni-zpravy-o-cinnosti-ctu\/vz_ctu_2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak m\u016f\u017ee vypadat skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po ru\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Typick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad lze zjednodu\u0161it do n\u011bkolika etap. Pevn\u00e1 stanice nejprve zaznamen\u00e1 nezn\u00e1mou nebo ru\u0161ivou emisi. Monitorovac\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed jej\u00ed frekvenci, \u00farove\u0148, \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku p\u00e1sma a dal\u0161\u00ed parametry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je sign\u00e1l vhodn\u00fd k zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, DF syst\u00e9m zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed jeho azimut. Zachyt\u00ed-li jej n\u011bkolik geograficky odd\u011blen\u00fdch stanic, vznikne p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 poloha z pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edku z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do ur\u010den\u00e9 oblasti n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyjede m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed v\u016fz. Jeho zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed ant\u00e9na umo\u017e\u0148uje sledovat azimut prakticky pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b b\u011bhem j\u00edzdy. Pos\u00e1dka tak m\u016f\u017ee oblast postupn\u011b zmen\u0161ovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na posledn\u00edch stovk\u00e1ch metr\u016f u\u017e \u010dasto nen\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed absolutn\u00ed p\u0159esnost velk\u00e9ho zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010de, ale mo\u017enost sledovat zm\u011bnu sm\u011bru a \u00farovn\u011b sign\u00e1lu z r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edst. U komplikovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f lze nakonec pou\u017e\u00edt ru\u010dn\u00ed sm\u011brov\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny a p\u0159enosnou m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed techniku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m tak funguje hierarchicky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>celost\u00e1tn\u00ed monitoring \u2192 d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u2192 mobiln\u00ed dohled\u00e1n\u00ed \u2192 p\u0159esn\u00e1 identifikace zdroje.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nejde jen o hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u201epir\u00e1t\u016f\u201c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Atraktivn\u00ed p\u0159edstavou radiomonitoringu je p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm FM vys\u00edla\u010di, ale b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce \u010cT\u00da je mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2025 bylo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ASMKS \u0159e\u0161eno p\u0159es 4 500 \u00fakol\u016f. V\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va uv\u00e1d\u00ed stovky p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed a tis\u00edce po\u017eadavk\u016f na monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed spektra a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed parametr\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch kmito\u010dt\u016f. <a href=\"https:\/\/ctu.gov.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/obsah\/ctu-new\/pro-media\/vyrocni-zpravy-o-cinnosti-ctu\/vz_ctu_2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Syst\u00e9m tak m\u016f\u017ee pom\u00e1hat nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>hled\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f ru\u0161en\u00ed mobiln\u00edch, rozhlasov\u00fdch \u010di leteck\u00fdch slu\u017eeb,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed parametr\u016f vys\u00edla\u010d\u016f,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kontrole obsazenosti spektra,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed neautorizovan\u00fdch emis\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed intenzity elektromagnetick\u00e9ho pole,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kontrole ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edho a mimop\u00e1smov\u00e9ho vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dlouhodob\u00e9m automatick\u00e9m sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vybran\u00fdch kmito\u010dt\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Od n\u011bkolika nanosekund k bodu na map\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Na cel\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu ASMKS je pozoruhodn\u00e9, jak rozd\u00edln\u00e9 technick\u00e9 discipl\u00edny se p\u0159i monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed spektra propojuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na za\u010d\u00e1tku m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nepatrn\u00fd f\u00e1zov\u00fd rozd\u00edl stejn\u00e9ho r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu mezi n\u011bkolika ant\u00e9nami vzd\u00e1len\u00fdmi od sebe des\u00edtky centimetr\u016f. Zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010d z t\u011bchto rozd\u00edl\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1 azimut s p\u0159esnost\u00ed okolo jednoho stupn\u011b. Datov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 spoj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky n\u011bkolika stanic, geometrie z jejich z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f vytvo\u0159\u00ed oblast pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu vys\u00edla\u010de a m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed automobil nakonec umo\u017en\u00ed technik\u016fm dojet a\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo ke zdroji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00edl\u00fd lamin\u00e1tov\u00fd \u201etal\u00ed\u0159\u201c na st\u0159e\u0161e m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho auta nebo na vrcholu monitorovac\u00edho sto\u017e\u00e1ru je tak ve skute\u010dnosti jednou z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b sofistikovan\u00e9ho r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho lokaliza\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prameny<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ctu.gov.cz\/tiskova-zprava-ctu-ziskal-mezinarodni-oceneni-search-new-heroes-za-nominaci-projektu-asmks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u010cT\u00da \u2013 informace o projektu ASMKS<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ctu.gov.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/obsah\/ctu-new\/pro-media\/vyrocni-zpravy-o-cinnosti-ctu\/vz_ctu_2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u010cT\u00da \u2013 V\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va 2025<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ctu.gov.cz\/cs\/download\/aktualni_informace\/invitation_to_tender_20_03_2012_appendix_6_procedure_interference.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u010cT\u00da \u2013 seznam stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch monitorovac\u00edch stanic a postupy p\u0159i \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00ed<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-zakazky.cz\/stazenisouboru\/078b511d-55f5-4c0f-8824-c336b59077f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technick\u00e1 specifikace modernizace SNMS<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-zakazky.cz\/stazenisouboru\/f040ad9c-0c23-4611-9eb2-d58a69c245e7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technick\u00e1 dokumentace modernizace SNZS Praha-Lysolaje<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/scdn.rohde-schwarz.com\/ur\/pws\/dl_downloads\/pdm\/cl_brochures_and_datasheets\/product_brochure\/3609_9140_12\/ADD597_bro_en_3609-9140-12_v0300.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rohde &amp; Schwarz \u2013 ADD597 Direction Finding and Monitoring Antenna<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/de.scribd.com\/document\/858773425\/ADD195-Manual-de-En\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rohde &amp; Schwarz \u2013 ADD195 VHF\/UHF DF Antenna, servisn\u00ed manu\u00e1l<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rohde-schwarz.com\/us\/knowledge-center\/technology-fundamentals\/radio-direction-finding-techniques\/radio-direction-finding-techniques_255557.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rohde &amp; Schwarz \u2013 Radio direction finding techniques<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/scdn.rohde-schwarz.com\/ur\/pws\/dl_downloads\/pdm\/cl_brochures_and_datasheets\/product_brochure\/3683_7077_12\/ESMW_bro_en_3683-7077-12_v0500.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rohde &amp; Schwarz \u2013 ESMW Ultra Wideband Monitoring Receiver<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Seps\u00e1no na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho vozu \u010cT\u00da na srazu radioamat\u00e9r\u016f v Holic\u00edch, rozhovoru s techniky a d\u00edky dlouhodob\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu o problematiku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spektra. S korekturou pomohla AI ( ChatGPT ), ve\u0161ker\u00fd obsah je z ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, informac\u00ed z &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/?p=411\">Cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/411"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=411"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/411\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":433,"href":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/411\/revisions\/433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tuxik.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}